Network topology refers to how the nodes and links in a network are arranged. A network node is a device that can send, receive, store, or forward data. A network link connects nodes and may be either cabled or wireless links.
Understanding topology types provides the basis for building a successful network. There are several topologies but the most common are bus, ring, star, and mesh:
- A
bus network topology is when every network node is directly connected to a
main cable.
- In
a ring topology, nodes are connected in a loop, so each device has
exactly two neighbors. Adjacent pairs are connected directly; nonadjacent
pairs are connected indirectly through multiple nodes.
- In
a star network topology, all nodes are connected to a single, central hub and
each node is indirectly connected through that hub.
- A mesh topology is defined by overlapping connections between nodes. You can create a full mesh topology, where every node in the network is connected to every other node. You can also create partial mesh topology in which only some nodes are connected to each other and some are connected to the nodes with which they exchange the most data. Full mesh topology can be expensive and time-consuming to run, which is why it's often reserved for networks that require high redundancy. Partial mesh provides less redundancy but is more cost-effective and simpler to run.
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